Reference

This section provides technical reference information for XLTable configuration, SQL extensions and runtime variables.

It is intended for administrators, integrators and developers working with cube definitions and system configuration.


SQL tags

XLTable defines OLAP cubes using SQL scripts.

In addition to standard SQL syntax, cube definitions include special inline tags embedded inside SQL comments. These tags act as keywords that provide metadata and behavioral instructions for the XLTable engine.

SQL tags are not executed by the database. They are parsed by XLTable before query execution and used to define:

  • cube properties

  • dimensions and measures

  • security rules

  • execution behavior

  • metadata and configuration

This approach allows keeping cube definitions fully SQL-based while extending them with OLAP semantics.

General usage

Tags are embedded directly into SQL scripts using comments. During processing, XLTable reads these tags and builds the OLAP cube structure based on them.

Tag reference

Tag

Description

definition_check_on

When present in the cube definition, enforces mandatory syntax validation of the cube definition before connecting to data. If validation fails, the connection is not established and an error is returned.

hide

Hides a measure or dimension from the list of fields in Excel.

hierarchy

After the tag, you must specify the name of the hierarchy to which the field belongs. Fields with the same hierarchy name will be grouped together in Excel.

olap_access_filters

Marks the beginning of a block defining security filters for a specific user role. The filters are enforced on every SQL query the server builds; an explicit filter on the same field in a query is intersected with the allowed values.

olap_calculated_fields

Marks the beginning of a block containing the list of calculated fields. After the tag, you must specify the name of the folder calculated fields.

olap_calculated_fields_visible

Marks the beginning of a block listing calculated fields available to a specific user role.

olap_cube

Marks the beginning of a block describing cube properties and metadata.

olap_dimensions

Marks the beginning of a block listing dimension attributes.

olap_dimensions_visible

Marks the beginning of a block listing dimension attributes available to a specific user role.

olap_drillthrough

Marks a block, inside an olap_source measure-group block, listing the detail columns returned when a user drills through a cell of that measure group in Excel. The value is a comma-separated list of field aliases or display names already defined in the cube. See Drillthrough.

olap_jinja

Marks the beginning of a block with Jinja template logic that modifies SQL scripts.

olap_measures

Marks the beginning of a block listing measures.

olap_measures_visible

Marks the beginning of a block listing measures available to a specific user role.

olap_source

Marks the beginning of a block defining the source dataset for measures or dimensions. After the tag, you must specify the name of the group of measures or dimension.

olap_user_groups

Marks the beginning of a block listing security groups assigned to a user role.

olap_user_role

Marks the beginning of a block defining a user role.

relationship

Defines the join type for a LEFT JOIN clause within an olap_source block. Valid values:

  • many-to-many — join where the dimension table relates to multiple source rows.

  • one-table — all measures are in one table; dimension columns are selected directly without a join.

  • part-source — the LEFT JOIN is treated as part of the current olap_source block rather than a cross-source relationship. Use this to attach extra tables (CTEs, lookup tables) that belong to the same source and should not create a new join path to other sources.

translation

Defines the localized name of a measure or dimension attribute displayed in Excel. The value must be unique within the cube.

folder

Overrides the display folder for a field in the Excel field list. By default, fields are grouped under a folder named after their olap_source. Use this tag to place a field into a differently named folder.

Syntax: --folder=`Folder Name`

format

Defines the display format of a measure in Excel Pivot Tables. The value follows the standard Excel number format syntax. A semicolon separates the positive and negative patterns: positive;negative.

Format string

Positive value

Negative value

#,##0;-#,##0

1,234

-1,234

#,##0.00;-#,##0.00

1,234.56

-1,234.56

#,##0.0;-#,##0.0

1,234.6

-1,234.6

0%

56%

-56%

0.0%

56.3%

-56.3%

0.00%

56.34%

-56.34%

#,##0;(#,##0)

1,234

(1,234)

#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)

1,234.56

(1,234.56)

The format string is stored in the cube definition and applied by Excel when the field is placed on a Pivot Table. Leaving the tag out lets Excel apply its default general format.

Unified example

All tags listed in the table above are used together in a single cube definition example below.

This example demonstrates how SQL tags are embedded into a cube SQL script and how they describe cube structure, measures, dimensions, security rules and visibility settings.

The script represents a complete cube definition and can be used as a reference when creating new OLAP cubes XLTable for ClickHouse.

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE db.olap_definition
ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY id AS

SELECT 'myOLAPcube' AS id,
'
with calendar as (
    SELECT * FROM db.Times where year_str in (''2023'', ''2024'', ''2025'')
)

--olap_cube
--olap_calculated_fields Calculated fields
(sales_sum_qty/stock_avg_qty) as calc_turnover --translation=`Turnover` --format=`#,##0;-#,##0`
--olap_jinja
{{ sql_text | replace("salesly.date_sale", "addYears(salesly.date_sale, 1)") }}

--olap_source Sales
SELECT
--olap_measures
 sum(sales.qty) as sales_sum_qty --translation=`Sales Quantity` --format=`#,##0;-#,##0`
,sum(sales.sum) as sales_sum_sum --translation=`Sales Amount` --format=`#,##0.00;-#,##0.00` --hide
FROM db.Sales sales
LEFT JOIN db.Stores stores on sales.store = stores.id
LEFT JOIN db.Models models on sales.model = models.id
LEFT JOIN calendar times on sales.date_sale = times.day_str
LEFT JOIN db.Currencies curr on sales.currency = curr.id --relationship=`part-source`
--olap_drillthrough
stores_name, regions_name, models_name, times_day_str, sales_sum_qty, sales_sum_sum

--olap_source Sales last year
SELECT
--olap_measures
 sum(salesly.qty) as salesly_sum_qty --translation=`Sales last year Quantity` --format=`#,##0;-#,##0`
,sum(salesly.sum) as salesly_sum_sum --translation=`Sales last year Amount` --format=`#,##0.00;-#,##0.00` --hide
FROM db.Sales salesly
LEFT JOIN db.Stores stores on salesly.store = stores.id
LEFT JOIN db.Models models on salesly.model = models.id
LEFT JOIN calendar times on salesly.date_sale = times.day_str

--olap_source Stock
SELECT
--olap_measures
 avg(stock.qty) as stock_avg_qty --translation=`Average Stock Quantity`
FROM db.Stock stock
LEFT JOIN db.Stores stores on stock.store = stores.id
LEFT JOIN db.Models models on stock.model = models.id

--olap_source Stores
SELECT
--olap_dimensions
 stores.id as store_id --translation=`Store ID`
,stores.name as stores_name --translation=`Store` --folder=`Distribution`
FROM db.Stores stores
LEFT JOIN db.Regions regions on stores.region = regions.id

--olap_source Regions
SELECT
--olap_dimensions
 regions.name as regions_name --translation=`Region`
FROM db.Regions regions
LEFT JOIN db.Managers managers on regions.id = managers.region --relationship=`many-to-many`

--olap_source Managers
SELECT
--olap_dimensions
 managers.name as managers_name --translation=`Manager`
FROM db.Managers managers

--olap_source Models
SELECT
--olap_dimensions
 models.name as models_name --translation=`Model`
FROM db.Models models

--olap_source Dates
SELECT
--olap_dimensions
 times.year_str as times_year_str --hierarchy=`Dates` --translation=`Year`
,toQuarter(toDate(times.day_str)) as times_quarter_str --hierarchy=`Dates` --translation=`Quarter`
,times.month_str as times_month_str --hierarchy=`Dates` --translation=`Month`
,times.day_str as times_day_str --hierarchy=`Dates` --translation=`Day`
FROM calendar times

--olap_user_role
--olap_user_groups
olap_users
--olap_calculated_fields_visible
all
--olap_measures_visible
sales_sum_qty, stock_avg_qty
--olap_dimensions_visible
all
--olap_access_filters
regions_name in (`North`, `South`)
' AS definition

Jinja context variables

The Jinja context object handed to cube templates — its cube / request / sql namespaces plus user and now — is documented in the Jinja chapter. See The context object.


settings.json schema

This section describes the main configuration parameters available in the settings.json file.

These parameters control server behavior, authentication, database access, caching and system limits.

Parameter reference

Parameter

Description

Default value

SERVER_DB

Defines the primary database used by the XLTable server for internal operations.

CREDENTIAL_DB

Defines credentials used for accessing the server database.

WRITE_LOG

Enables debug logging of XLTable operations (MDX, generated SQL, Jinja diffs, result preview). Log files will be located in the folder ...\xltable\log.

false

DUMP_XMLA

Dumps every raw XMLA request and response to a separate file in the log folder. Intended only for diagnosing Excel/XMLA protocol issues: a single Excel action generates dozens of files. Independent of WRITE_LOG.

false

LOG_RETENTION_DAYS

Files in the log folder older than this number of days are deleted automatically (checked at most once a day, on service start). Set to 0 to disable the cleanup.

14

SERVER_PORT

TCP port the server listens on. Applies to the standalone deployment (Ubuntu / python main.py); under IIS the port is managed by IIS. The OLAP_PORT environment variable overrides this setting — the Ubuntu installer uses it to run several worker processes on consecutive ports (5000, 5001, …). Requires a service restart.

5000

SERVER_THREADS

Number of worker threads of one server process (standalone deployment only). Threads waiting on the database do not block each other, so this is how many queries one process keeps in flight towards the warehouse; CPU-intensive result building still runs one report at a time per process — for parallel heavy reports run several worker processes (see Linux). Requires a service restart.

16

USERS

Defines the list of users for local authentication.

USER_GROUPS

Defines user groups used for role-based access control.

MAX_CELLS

Limits the size of the pivoted result returned to Excel, measured in cells: unique row combinations × column combinations × measures. Queries exceeding the limit are rejected with a message suggesting filters, the same way SSAS cancels oversized results (RowsetSerializationLimit). The legacy MAX_ROWS key is still accepted and used as MAX_CELLS.

1000000

MAX_FILTER_MEMBERS

Caps the member list the server enumerates when Excel applies Keep Only / Hide Selected Items on a field. If the dimension level has more members than the cap, the resulting filter keeps only the first MAX_FILTER_MEMBERS of them and a warning is written to the log. The 10,000-item limit of the filter dropdown list is separate and not affected by this setting.

100000

OVERLOAD_GUARD

Rejects data queries while the server host is out of resources, instead of forwarding them to the database. When any threshold is exceeded — MAX_MEMORY_PERCENT (RAM usage, %), MAX_CPU_PERCENT (CPU usage, %), MIN_FREE_DISK_MB (free disk space, MB) — Excel shows “Server is overloaded … Please try again later” with the specific reason on data refresh. Metadata (Discover) requests and session open/close requests are never rejected, so connecting to a cube and already open connections keep working. Each threshold is optional; omit the whole block to disable the guard. Note: inside a container the measured resources are the host’s, not the container limits.

disabled

AUTH_CACHE_TIMEOUT

Defines the lifetime of a cached authorization in seconds, for both local (USERS) and Active Directory users. After this period expires, XLTable re-checks the user against the current configuration or LDAP on the next request. When not set, the value of LDAP_CACHE_TIMEOUT is used.

3600

LDAP_CACHE_TIMEOUT

Legacy name of AUTH_CACHE_TIMEOUT; kept for backward compatibility and used when AUTH_CACHE_TIMEOUT is not set.

300

METADATA_CACHE_TTL

Defines the lifetime of cached cube metadata and query results in seconds: cube definitions, database/table/field lists and MDX query results. After this period expires, XLTable re-reads the data from the database, so an edited cube definition is picked up automatically within this window — no manual cache clearing is required. Set to 0 to disable expiry (cache entries then live until the cache is cleared).

600

RESULT_CACHE_MAX_MB

Query results larger than this size (MB) are not stored in the shared result cache and are rebuilt on every refresh instead. Storing very large results makes all worker processes queue on the cache write, so oversized responses are cheaper to recompute. Set to 0 to disable result caching entirely (metadata is still cached).

16

CONVERT_FIELDS_TO_STRING

Forces conversion of certain fields to string type before returning results.

true

ADMIN_GROUPS

Defines user groups for accessing the admin panel (/admin).

CREDENTIAL_ACTIVE_DIRECTORY

Defines connection parameters for Active Directory authentication.

Applying configuration changes

Changes to settings.json are picked up automatically — no service restart is required. XLTable watches the file and re-reads it within a few seconds of saving (in multi-process deployments such as IIS, every worker process picks the change up on its next request).

  • If the saved file contains a JSON syntax error, the service keeps running with the previous configuration and writes the parse error to the log; the file is re-read once it is fixed.

  • When the configuration content changes, the cache is cleared automatically, so nothing cached under the previous (for example, incorrect) configuration — authorized sessions, cube metadata — stays in effect. Users re-authorize transparently on their next request.

  • The same comparison runs on service start, so a restart with a changed settings.json also begins with a clean cache.

The admin panel (see Admin panel) shows which settings file is in use and when it was last loaded.

Deployment-level parameters that live outside settings.json (service user, port, IIS application pool settings) still require a service restart.